Q 1 . Discuss the purpose of packages Why are they necessary, and how Assignment

Q 1 . Discuss the purpose of packages Why are they necessary, and how has the need for them changed Q 2. what are some of the factors that have led to changes in packaging - Assignment Example However, the only method through which customers as well as manufacturers differentiate between these products is through packaging of these goods. Packaging has experienced various changes in its design over the years. This need for change in design has been caused due to various factors. For instance during the period of 1980s as well as the 1990s, the main concern of the designers of packaging material was to add value to the good being packaged and thus they worked on the aesthetics of packaging design in order to generate higher number of sales (Moor 25). Later the need for packaging changed with the designer’s concern for the environment safety and protection. Due to this need, designers started focusing on creating packaging material that not only kept the goods being packaged safe, they even started giving consideration the safety of the environment. For example the use of reusable and recyclable packaging material was caused due to the need for environmental protectio n. 2. Several factors have contributed heavily to the change in packaging design; one of the main factors that motivate these changes includes the alterations in the attitudes of the customers. For example customers have now become aware of packaging waste and its negative impact on the environment and thus their demand for environment friendly packaging has increased and this has motivated package designers to create packaging material that can easily be recycled. Another reason due to which the need for changes in packaging design may have occurred is due to the changes in the conditions of the market (Soroka 14). For example market conditions may become worse and the manufacturers plan to provide a discount to the customers of that particular market, in order to state the discount on the package of the content and to attract customers through discounted pricing, designers may have to redesign their packaging. Governments and policy makers may even

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

HRM - Essay Example onsibility for any defeat, injury, or damage resultant from, or occurring in association with, the use of in order contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this account. The research work starts with the foreword of human resource management. The task will try to center on the idea of human resource management strategies and human resource behavior of McDonalds eating place ltd, the association where I am working. The object of this assignment is to connecting the models of HR strategies with McDonalds and summarising HR behavior like presentation management, incentive and rewards and HR planning. For the reason of HRM strategy I am applying the best practise and best-fit replica with McDonalds. Furthermore, it explains the human resource activities of McDonalds eating place ltd and finish with an suitable conclusions and recommendations that can get better the HRM strategy, HR behavior and the role of the HR meaning within McDonalds eating place Ltd in arrange to achieve greater than before organisational presentation. According to the yearly report of Macdonald human resource management is a strategic and logical approach to the management of an organisations the majority valued possessions: the people operational there who individually and together add to the achievements of its object with the great competence. The aim of HRM is to help the organisation to attain success through the help of public. HRM strategy is an approach for creation decisions on the tactics of the organisation (Dowling P.J, Welch D.E, 2004). These tactics are concerned with the worker relationship and its staffing, training expansion, performance management, rewards and worker strategies. The basic behavior followed by HRM is that of as long as services to internal clientele. These include middle management team head, line managers and employees. The services cover all the aspects of HRM like human resource planning, staffing and selection, worker development, worker rewards,

Concept Of Price War And Oligopoly Theories Economics Essay

Concept Of Price War And Oligopoly Theories Economics Essay Experts argue that the concept of price war is a fact of life in most industrialised countries, assess the arguments for and against such behaviour. Discuss the impact of this behaviour in any industry using different oligopoly theories. In this essay I will address the subject of price war in industrialised countries. From different angles I will to try to break down and analyse the idea that price war in industrialised countries is a fact of life. The basic and underlying concept of a price war is that two or more firms in an industry lower or change their own prices with the knowledge that in an oligopolistic environment the other firms in that industry will lower theirs too so they match up. This is due to the interdependency in their interaction with all the firms in that industry. Price fixing plays a major role in a price war. My method of assessing whether said statement is true or false is to weigh up the pros and cons. From there I can make an informed decision and will be able to explain it through outlined discussions and ideas, and by visual aids if necessary. By the end of my essay I will be able, also, to discuss, with help of oligopolistic theories, the effect that a price war has on any industry. A price war is the concept that refers to economic activity of high competitive rivalry between a few firms in a particular industry, with complex rounds of price reductions. If one firm reduces their prices or a single price of a good, then the other firms in that industry will do the same to match that price. In an industry, in which a state of oligopoly is apparent (i.e. only a few sellers operate), each firm is quite capable of producing enough of the industry total output, resulting in their ability to affect the market price. A real world example of this is in the coffee industry where there are three major producers; Starbucks, Cafe Nero and Costas Coffee. These three large providers of coffee produce such large percentages each of the coffee industry that if, say, Starbucks were to increase their supply, the price of an average coffee would decrease considerably. An increase in output for one of the coffee providers will result in the price to decrease for the other firms in the industry. To explain further, if Starbucks produces double its output, the price of coffee from Starbucks drops hugely. However, most people are not wholly loyal to a particular brand, so Costas Coffee and Cafe Nero drinkers will switch to the cheaper Starbucks. As a result, the price of Costas Coffee and Cafe Nero coffee drops too. These three major brands are part of a set of economic activities where each of their decisions on supple not only affects their MICRO ESSAY 2 ANTHONY STADDON 000457496 PAGE 3 own sales but also of the firms competing against them. Such strategic situations can involve competition or collusion. Collusion= all firms in an industry agree to cut back on production by a certain amount to increase both prices and profits. Competition= all firms in an industry try to increase production with the intent to undermine competitors and gain as many customers as can be attained. The outcomes of both collusion and competition can be massively different for consumers and producers. For example, collusion benefits producers most due to the fact that as long as they keep colluding, their profits will continue to increase. However, collusion has a negative effect on consumers because it results in higher prices and decreased output. Collusion, unfortunately, is uncommon and many industries are dominated by heavily competing firms. If such collusion actually happened then government intervention may be necessary to protect consumers. All these ideas of collusion and competition between firms in an industry are the major foundations and components of a price war. In the short term, consumers benefit very well from such activities, due to the chance of benefiting from lower prices. Also in the short run a negative impact can hit producers by the result of lower prices leading to reduced profit margins. In the long term, the major firms in any particular industry can gain from a price war with increased profits etc. Price wars do seem to happen in every industry in some shape or form. There is a fair amount of reason why that is. To start with there are competitors whom might wish to concentrate on a particular product and through this product try to gain market share by producing its alternate good at decreased prices. There is also penetration pricing where firms may offer/provide lower prices of new brands of a good or product into an already highly established market. Process optimization is also a cause in that firms may choose to reduce prices rather than output with the plan regulate and sustain the economy of scale. A big cause for price wars is predatory pricing (albeit illegal). This refers to when a firm may set the price extremely low, even too low, on a good, in order to ddestroy other firms completely in that industry. Finally and in some ways most importantly, especially in context with this essay title, is the cause oligopoly. Oligopoly is where all economic actions on prices and outputs for each firm in an industry are interdependent. Reactions to price changes and ultimately price wars can vary. The primary reaction to a price war price change or price reduction is consideration and caution. For example, has the competing firm decided whether it is doing a short term or a long-term price MICRO ESSAY 2 ANTHONY STADDON 000457496 PAGE 4 change? If its short term, a firms reaction should normally be ignoring the change. Otherwise, short-term changes can be interpreted as cataclysmic changes and lead to big price wars. However, for the long-term there is not just a singular reaction. A firm could maintain their price, split their product into a premium version and a basic. Or the most common highly anticipated reaction is reduce the price and keep in line with ones competitors. Now its quite easy to see why a price might be good and benefit certain people. We can see that producers and consumers can benefit from them in some way and at some point. But in the end there is also a negative impact of price wars. As previously stated two or more firms compete in an industry and in turn both reduce their prices. We see that one can benefit whether you are a producer or consumer due to lower prices but this is not always the case. When these firms compete and initiate a price war, it is normally understood that both firms lower value along with price. Ultimately the firms lose profit and the consumer loses value. In my conclusion, I believe that price wars in the short-run can improve profits and can allow consumers a small space of time to take advantage of lowered prices. But in the end they cause more trouble than they are worth. However they also seem unavoidable as nearly every single industry in an economy has an event of a price war at some point. In the supermarket industry, Sainsbury and Tesco compete in a price war. O2 and T-mobile do the same in the mobile industry. Starbucks and Cafe Nero show signs too. The list of price wars in different industries is long but clearly outlines that the statement the concept of a price war is a fact of life in industrialised countries is pretty much correct.

gatcolor Great Gatsby Essay: Imagery of Colors :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Great Gatsby:   Imagery of Colors  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   F. Scott Fitzgerald used the imagery of colors in his masterpiece The Great Gatsby.   The colors are used very frequently as symbols, and the hues create atmosphere in different scenes of the book.   White is a clean and fresh color, but the author shows how it can be tainted as well.   Next, yellow illustrates the downfall of moral standards of the people of West Egg.   Lastly, green, the most dominant color in the book, symbolizes wealth and Gatsby's unattainable dream. To Gatsby, Daisy represents innocence and purity; however, Fitzgerald uses different shades of white to veil her corruption.   Daisy is solely described as "dressed in white", she powders her face white, and she mentions her "white girlhood".   The millionaire describes this perfect princess figure to be "high in a white palace the king's daughter, the golden girl."   On the other hand, Fitzgerald portrays the way of life in West Egg as a wretched place when "four solemn men dressed in suits are walking along the sidewalk with a stretcher on which lies a drunken woman in a white evening dress.   Her hand, which dangles over the side, sparkles cold with jewels.   Gravely the men turn it at a house - the wrong house.   But no one knows the woman's name, and no one cares." Yellow stands out as a symbol of corruption and decay.   Materialism has corrupted the citizens of East and West Egg because they center everything on money. When Gatsby entertains this wealthy class, the orchestra plays "yellow cocktail music".   Even Gatsby believes that he can win Daisy back with his money - thus he is described as wearing a "caramel-colored suit" when he lies about his past to Nick.   The most important symbol, however, is Gatsby's car.   The car becomes the main topic of conversation among the townspeople after it kills Myrtle and a witness specified this "death car" to be yellow. Fitzgerald used green most frequently to symbolize Gatsby's love for Daisy Buchanan.   Daisy rejected Gatsby because "rich girls don't marry poor boys", so her philosophy compelled him to become wealthy.   Gatsby described Daisy's voice as "full of money" and he acquired millions of green dollars in the hope that Daisy would love him again.   Also, Gatsby moved into his mansion so that he could live near the Buchanans, and at night the millionaire watches "a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been at the end of a dock.

Challenges of Bowhunting

Mr. Hinson Challenges of Bow hunting Hunters everywhere are presented with a number of challenges that arise with each hunt. Bow hunters are no exception to this. In most cases, bow hunters are faced with many more challenges than someone hunting with a firearm. Some challenges include the extensive preparation that has to be done before each hunt, as well as being cognizant and knowledgeable of all of the different types of each piece of equipment and knowing which to choose.The extensive preparation required to be a successful bow hunter is indeed an adequate challenge. Unlike hunting with a firearm, someone cannot walk blindly into a deer stand and stand a chance at harvesting a deer. One must prepare. The preparation should begin with finding a bow that â€Å"fits† the hunter, one they are comfortable with. Things must be adjusted to suit the one who will be hunting with it. Things like the draw weight which is the amount of weight require to pull the bow to â€Å"full dr aw' so it can be shot.After this, the hunter should practice shooting this bow to develop proper form and muscle memory well before season. Not only must this be mastered, but the hunter has to be comfortable shooting from different ositions such as sitting down or standing up. But Wait! It gets better! One must know which positions are acceptable for the deer to be in for an ethical shot to be taken. For example, if a Touchton deer was shot in the same place quartering away as if it was standing broadside, the vitals would be missed. This is only one example of why someone must have sufficient practice shooting their bow.Moving on to the next step in prepping; Scouting. Scouting is essential to having a successful season. In this case, success is defined as harvesting mature deer, both bucks and doe. So how does one scout? Scouting is done by walking around the property which the hunter will hunt, looking for signs of deer activity. A few signs of deer activity are tracks, trails, and beddings areas. Once trails and feeding areas are located, trail cameras are usually placed along them to capture pictures and videos of the deer in the area.This allows the hunter to know the deer on the property. This in turn allows the deer to be â€Å"picked out† and patterned. Once a deer is picked and patterned, a stand has to be placed to give the hunter the best possible opportunity to harvest deer. Obviously, this is not a one day project. It actually takes a good bit of time. Another mentionable challenge is being cognizant of all of the different types of equipment that can be used in this sport. Let's start with finding a bow. As I mentioned before, it important to find a bow that â€Å"fits† the hunter.One that has all of the specifications that hunter may want. So that's all, right? Wrong. The right bow was found, but what about the necessary accessories? One crucial accessory would be the sights on the bow. Sights are tor aiming the bow, without them , a hunter would not hit what he or she was aiming at. Another piece of equipment of equal alue is a release. A release is what is used to release the bowstring to let the arrow fly. As with the sights, there are many to choose from. There are two main types of releases, a caliper and a thumb style.The best to get depends on who is asked. So Touchton it a preference. And what will be shot from this bow? That's right, an arrow. Once again, there are many to be chosen from. Different arrows vary in strength, weight, dynamics, and so on. The right choice depends on the strength and speed of the bow it will be shot out of. Another important piece of equipment is the broad head. One should research thoroughly to determine the most reliable and effective one. Again, mainly a preference. There are fixed blade and mechanical broad heads.Fixed blades are Just what the name implies, they do not change during flight or impact. Mechanical broad heads however open upon impact, theoretically prod ucing a larger wound channel. Now I am ready to hunt! Not so fast! Though stalking deer may be done, most chose to hunt deer from a tree stand or ground blind. The right type of stand depends solely on the preference of the hunter and the environment being hunted. Whether it be a Lock-on style, a climbing stand, a tree stand, or a ground blind.Along with knowing which stand to pick, knowing where to place it is a whole other challenge. It must be close enough to compensate for the limited range for a bow, but not too close so it alerts the game being hunted. As every bow hunter knows, this preparation takes months and no one step is more important than the other! Also, being cognizant and knowledgeable of all of the different types of each piece of equipment and knowing which to choose is equally important. A hunter must have all of these things ready before opening day!

Elephant by Polly Clark

Polly Clarks â€Å"Elephant† essay Polly Clarks †Elephant† is about a author named William who deals with his problems every day. William is a writer. His work consists of young female pop-singers biographies. The story starts in media res, we just jump straight into the story without further information. The story takes place in William’s dark his house and it is set in a normal afternoon in William’s life. The curtains are closed, so William cannot watch his garden, which is overcrowded with weed, and boring. It reminds him of the things he has not done.At the time, he almost lives in his office. It is hard for him to find the words. The story is told by a 3rd person narrator, but the narrator tells a lot of things through William’s thoughts and therefore it is easy to identify yourself with William. The narrator tells the story in a way that makes you feel sorry for William, because of his problems. William likes to write, but he has had som e problems writing lately: â€Å"His inability to write disturbed him, made him feel blundering and awkward.. † (p. 3 line 2-3). William is not really happy about just writing about pop-singers.He dreams about writing biographies of actors in their ‘golden age’, because he means that, that is something people would buy and read. Those biographies have been claimed by someone, who was quicker than William and that is why William is writing short biographies with information he has found on the internet:†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ From the facts William could glean from the internet. † (p. 1 line 21). William possesses a great deal of knowledge that it takes to produce a masterpiece, because he is familiar with old, recognized history literature. He mentions the Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy.He fantasises about having written â€Å"Ulysses† by James Joyce, but in real life he is stuck writing the insignificant biographies. He is surrounded by a lot of women in his l ife. He is married to a women named Ginny and then there are the pop-singers of whom he writes about. His relationship to the pop-singers is paradoxical in which he, in a way, could not care less about them: â€Å"The slim volumes reflected the slim lives of his subjects, and his slim interest in them† (p. 1 line 28). Ginny calls William to say that she will be home in twenty minutes. Hereafter the third-person narrator arranges two similar situations in contrast to each other.In a flashback from William’s childhood, William remembers his mum bringing home a present for him. He especially remembers the excitement he felt, before he received the blue elephant. I think that William and his wife needs time together and are very separated because of their jobs. Even though, William loves her. He compares Ginny with the blue elephant he got as child, in which he was very happy. (p. 2 line 25-33). When Ginny comes home, they make love and it seems to be too organised and wit hout passion. Ginny mentions that she has taken a test and that it is the â€Å"right time† which could mean that she is trying to get pregnant.Their relationship could be compared to the garden outside their house in the following conversation where they talk about what they should do with it. â€Å"It seems fine†, but they do not care much for it. â€Å"Should they lay a deck over it or sell up and move to Australia? † William does not really care as his response is to â€Å"see what happens†. Characters William: He really wants to be â€Å"someone† and be a big famous writer. He is tired of waiting for it and just wants it to happen soon. He is stuck in his biographies-writing and wants to make a living from writing.William’s wife wishes to have a baby but William is not that sure. I think he wants to get control of his own life first. Ginny: She is William’s wife. She really wants to get pregnant and knows exactly when it is the best chance of getting it. I do not think that she knows how William feels. There are some themes in this short story, one of them could be ‘chasing your dreams’ because of Williams’ wish to be a important biographies writer and he continues to write about the non important female pop-singers, because he knows as soon he gets the chance to write what he want, he will take it.Even though he does not seem to do something for his’ carrier, it shows in the text: William would have preferred the film stars (male, golden age of cinema) but those had been claimed by someone quicker o the mark†¦ † (p. 1, line 22) Another theme could be ‘fate’ because as William expresses in the beginning: â€Å"William had made the best of what he had been given† (p. 1, line 23). He does not believe that you can change your destiny but I think he is willing to try.