Brazils Injustices Essay - 837 Words

Brazil is currently the fifth most populated country throughout the world. It is also the fifth largest country in size in the world. The current social situation in Brazil is quite unpleasant. There are many social, racial, and economic injustices portrayed in the metropolitan areas of Brazil. Two very important issues that are currently occurring in Brazil would be the social injustices that take places in Brazil’s urban areas. Another would be the deforestation and the socioeconomic results of it. The city of Sao Paulo remains to place in the top 7 most populated cities in the world. The Brazilian urban areas are of the most violent urban areas that exist in the world today. Urban metropolitans like Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in†¦show more content†¦There are many gangs and organized crime groups that exist in these urban areas as well. Most of them are the prime contributors to the current violent situation in Brazilian urban areas like Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo due to the system that has been established for them. The inefficiency of their very â€Å"promising† social security system serves as a great detriment to the economic issue. Jumping of individuals for robbery, kidnapping, and random gang violence are some of the horrific violent acts that are commonly portrayed in these urban areas. The corruption of police and government is an additional negative element to the Brazilian urban situation. Police are very corrupt and there are even many precedents where police attempted to frame tourists. Police brutality is very common in Sao Paul. Police often act similarly to gangs and contribute to gang violence. In May of 2006 in San Paulo, police took up arms against a gang called PCC because of an immediate conflict between the two groups. Police are often accused of contributing to unequal human rights issues. Police try to publicly legitimatize police brutality and random police violence on innocent civilians. Social services in urban areas are also unreliable. Schools lack a proper amount of administration as well as teachers. Hospitals lack enough personnel to function at the level that they should. This, however, is not accounted forShow MoreRelatedThe Inequality Index And Human Development Index ( Hdi ) Between The Two Countries : Brazil And Turkey Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagescrisis 2008-2009, Turkey has created some 6.3 million jobs, although increases in the labor force, including through a rise in the participation of women, has kept unemployment at around 10 percent.† (UN Women. 2015,Pg.83) This implies, the workplace injustice is marginally decreasing. In conclusion, in terns of gender equity Brazil may be more developed than Turkey when considering economic activities (participation rate). 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When he was living in the streetsRead MoreCompulsory Voting Should Not Be Made Law874 Words   |  4 Pageswhere Compulsory voting is law J.J Strossmayer who holds a P.H.D in law research found that empty and invalid ballot papers (defined as blank or spoiled votes) are one of the biggest problems of the countries that have a compulsory voting. During Brazil’s 1990 elections voter turnout was 76.57%, but 40% of the votes were deemed invalid. (Mackerras Mcallister 1999) (Evidence: Statistics) In Ecuador’s 2006 elections 40% votes were deemed invalid. History demonstrates the trend of blank or spoiledRead MoreNew Brazilian Joint Venture Partner Cultural Considerations884 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual achievement. So while Brazilian managers are expected to make all the decisions, they will want to work in conjunction with us, coming to decisions in a mutual decision making process. Another important cultural dimension is the masculinity. 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The population is growing rapidly and half of all Brazilians are under the age of 20. By the end of the century, it is estimated that Brazil’s population will have reached 180 million. Brazil borders on ten other Latin American countries. Most of the northern part of Brazil is low-lying and veined by the mighty Amazon River and its tributaries. The Amazon is the largest river in the worldRead MoreImmigrants During The 19th Century1267 Words   |  6 Pagesadaptive quality that, in the long run, provides more effective protection and support for racial hierarchy than do cruder more overt systems of state-enforced discrimination† (Andrews 236 – 237). Consequently, Afro-Brazilians face many hardships, injustices, and discrimination in modern Brazil. In the labor market, whites earn on average twice as much as nonwhites earn. Across different sectors, â€Å"Afro-Brazilians represent 73% of the most indigent sector of society and only 12% of the most rich. 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Project Management Skills And Abilities - 2414 Words

Introduction Many business professionals are often looking for an edge, a way to standout, a way in which they can improve their credentials to get that next promotion or land on the next higher rung of the career ladder to success. Project managers are no different, just like other professionals, project managers are looking for credentials that will improve their skills and allow them to advance their careers. So, what are the options available to project managers who want to improve their project management knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA’s)? Well, a Project Management Professional (PMP) certification is certainly a good start, and with the addition of project management courses and degree programs in many colleges and†¦show more content†¦The pursuit of both graduate school and certifications for any profession can be costly and time consuming. Before taking on either of these quests, it might be important to understand if the completion of such credentials will be wo rth the time and cost that it takes to acquire such professional qualifications. In addition, individuals wanting to take either of these paths need to understand if further education in the form of graduate degrees and certifications will improve knowledge, skills and abilities as project managers. One study covering multiple countries, including the United States, touts the median income of project managers as $90,000 annually and those holding a PMI certification make $10,000 more annually, than their counterparts without a PMI certification (Swanson, 2010). Such salary dispersion would suggest that certified project managers are more successful than those who are not certified. When discussing projects, project management and project managers, successful project completion is the only thing that matters to stakeholders. Understanding what the importance project knowledge through certification or education can have on the success of an organizations projects completing successfully is critical. Consequently, it makes perfect logic to examine whether education and certifications really hold any value in the success of organizations who manage their business through projects. Literature Review This literature review is

Falling Oil Prices Winners and Losers

Question: How Oil Price Affect Aggregate Supply Of An Economy? Answer: Introduction: Various economic researches have been done on global oil price shock during the last few decades. To understand the relation between global oil price shock and global economy many empirical and theoretical models has been emerged by an economist. The global economy is suffering from various oil price shocks since 1970. Oil price shock is an event that is unpredicted and unexpected. The effect of which in an economy may be positive or negative (BBC News, 2015). It refers to the unexpected changes in exogenous factors that may have an effect on endogenous factors. Since 1970, the oil price was sharply increasing, but from summer of 2014 the oil price is decreasing. The declining effect of oil price has the impact on oil exporting countries as well as on oil importing countries. Here Saudi Arabia is considered as the oil exporting country. The supply side shock is explained by the Aggregate Supply (AS) curve. Reasons behind the fluctuation of oil price: There are many reasons that can be blamed for the rise in oil price since 1970. Some of them are as follows: Contribution of U.S. economy There was a decline in U.S. productivity as a result of higher inflation and recession. Stagflation Stagflation is also a reason that is a situation of higher economic inflation rate along with high unemployment rate followed by slow economic growth. The cartel- OPEC The main reason behind this oil price shock is the policies of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries, which is an Intergovernmental Organizations, and it was created in Baghdad conference in 1960. The five finding members of this cartel are Venezuela, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia. Later nine more countries joined OPEC.) From the 1970s that is after the formation of OPEC oil price was rising as the member countries of the OPEC started to control their domestic petroleum industries and crude oil price increased in the world market. Oil price increased steeply in the global market (Saudiembassy.net, 2015). After reaching a very high price, it began to weaken in the 1980s. The oil price started to fall from summer 2014. The reasons for fall in oil price may be categorized as supply side reason and demand side reason. Four main supply side reasons behind the decline in oil price over the last year are as follows: Strong U.S. dollar: The main reason for the declination of oil price is the strength of U.S. dollar. This is known to all that global commodity prices are usually quoted in dollars, and it tend to fall when U.S. dollar is strong. A global oil glut: This is the phenomenon of higher supply of crude oil when demand is low for it. This is expected that total oil production to rise 9.35 million barrel per day. OPEC and U.S. output: Oil production of United States has nearly doubled over the last six years. The production and exports of oil in Canada and Iraq are increasing year after year. Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Algeria that once was competing for U.S. market nowadays they are competing for the Asian market. The producers are forced to reduce the oil price. These are the supply side problem. Demand side problem: If we look at demand side problem, then we can see that the European and Developing Countries are day by day weakening, and as their vehicles are more energy efficient, so demand for fuel is declining. Aggregate Supply (AS) curve: It is clear that oil price falls mainly because of increase in production. The increase in production can be explained by Aggregate Supply curve (Krugman and Wells, 2009). Aggregate supply or AS curve is defined as the total amount of goods and services that is real output produced by firms in an economy over a period. Components of aggregate supply are consumer goods capital goods, public and merit goods and traded goods. In this diagram, the price level is measured in the vertical axis, and national income or GDP( Gross Domestic Product) is measured on the horizontal axis. It is shown that AS curve is upward sloping, and it indicates a positive relation between price levels and national income. If price level increase (decreases) the national income increases (decreases). Shift of the AS curve: As supply increases, AS curve will shift outward, and the price, will decrease. If supply decreases then, AS curve will shift rightward, and the price will increase. The outward shift of the AS curve is explained by the following diagram. AS 1 is the previous Aggregate Supply Curve, which is shifted to AS2 when there is an increase in production. Here the downward sloping line represents the Aggregate Demand (AD) Curve (Mankiw, 2007). Oil exporting country saudi arabia: Saudi Arabia is the largest producer and exporter in the world. Saudi Arabia has one-fourth of the worlds oil reserves that is more than 260 billion barrels. As Saudi Arabia is the largest producer and exporter of oil, it plays a very important role in the global energy industry and the global economy (Lane et al., 2015). The economy of Saudi Arabia has grown very strongly in recent years. The reasons are mainly: High oil prices and high oil outputIncrease in governmental spendingImplementation of many domestic reform initiatives.Strong private sector activityHow the domestic economy will be recovered from the volatility in the global oil market. How the dependence on oil revenues could be reduced.Response of Saudi Arabia to global decrease of oil price: The response of Saudi Arabia is important in this case because it will affect the future dynamics of demand and supply of the global market. As the worlds largest exporter Saudi Arabia, the most influential member of OPEC could help this situation by cutting down its production. But Saudi Arabia did a very little in this matter (Quora.com, 2015). According to some economist Reasons could be that Saudi Arabia can survive in this situation of low oil price because it has large Foreign Exchange Reserve. However, it is easier said than done. Saudi Arabia is already facing high unemployment. Low oil prices are going to create socio-economic problems in Gulf state. Saudi Arabias current strategy is to maintain in market share and sacrifice the price and to force the U.S. shale producers and Canadian oil sand producers out of the market (Macalister, 2015). According to IMF, the decrease in oil prices leads to the lower export of oil price and lower level of fiscal revenue but the effect on the overall economy is so far been limited. According to Tim Callen who led the IMF mission to Saudi Arabia said that so far been the largest oil producing nation of OPEC less concerned about the fall in oil prices and continued to produce oil in large quantities (International Business Times UK, 2015). Conclusion: There are many uncertainties regarding the oil price market. On one side demand for oil is increasing by the strong growth in emerging economies and on other demand is decreasing because nowadays many European and Developing Countries are using energy saving vehicles which leads to the demand for oil to fall. Supply is also increasing from the U.S. and the other Non-OPEC countries (Liu, Schultz and Swieringa, 2014). It will be better if the OPEC countries along with non-OPEC countries will solve this problem of volatility in oil price then the stability in oil price will lead the global economy to be stable (Lescaroux, 2010) . References: BBC News, (2015).Falling oil prices: Who are the winners and losers? - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29643612 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. International Business Times UK, (2015).IMF: Oil price decline has limited effect on Saudi Arabian economy. [online] Available at: https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/imf-oil-price-decline-has-limited-effect-saudi-arabian-economy-1503929 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Krugman, P. and Wells, R. (2009).Macroeconomics. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Lane, R., Somaney, J., Robertson, A., Somaney, J., Barder, O., Morgan, J., Fidelman, M., Jensen, K., Velocci, T., Knudson, K., Zaldivar, G., Benjamin, J., Williams, B., Zwilling, M., Auerbach, B. and Nitti, T. (2015).Saudi Arabia - Forbes. [online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/places/saudi-arabia/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Lescaroux, F. (2010). The petroleum market: The ongoing oil price shock and the next counter-shock.International Economics, 121, pp.99-129. Liu, W., Schultz, E. and Swieringa, J. (2014). Price Dynamics in Global Crude Oil Markets.Journal of Futures Markets, 35(2), pp.148-162. Macalister, T. (2015).Oil price falls as Saudi Arabia pushes Opec cartel to hold production levels. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jun/05/oil-price-falls-as-saudi-arabia-pushes-opec-cartel-to-hold-production-levels [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Mankiw, N. (2007).Macroeconomics. New York: Worth Publishers. Quora.com, (2015).Why is Saudi Arabia lowering the price of crude oil? - Quora. [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Saudi-Arabia-lowering-the-price-of-crude-oil [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Saudiembassy.net, (2015).Economy Global Trade. [online] Available at: https://www.saudiembassy.net/about/country-information/economy_global_trade/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Tverberg, G. and , V. (2013).Ten Reasons Why High Oil Prices are a Problem. [online] Our Finite World. Available at: https://ourfiniteworld.com/2013/01/17/ten-reasons-why-high-oil-prices-are-a-problem/ [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015]. Waldman, P. (2015).Saudi Arabias Plan to Extend the Age of Oil. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-12/saudi-arabia-s-plan-to-extend-the-age-of-oil [Accessed 12 Aug. 2015].

Reduce Pollution Would Be More Moral Essay Example

Reduce Pollution Would Be More Moral Paper There are many kinds of indoor and outdoor pollution, including photochemical smog, acid rain, and second hand smoke. Air pollution threatens the health of our flora and fauna as well as human health. The impact of these kinds of pollution results in such conditions as the development of diseases like cancer and environmental and human threats such as ozone layer depletion. Reducing pollution without worrying about the costs will be more moral because the whole planet will benefit from it. Air Pollution have adverse effects on human health . T has been that target of mom of the most complicated legislation ever discussed. In 1 970, the United States Congress passed legislation aimed at curbing sources Of air pollution and setting standards for air quality. One of the strongest weapons against industrial pollution that many factories are currently using to combat air pollution is a scrubber. A scrubber is a series of filters placed in smoke stacks and other points of industrial emissi ons to try and filter out many of the contaminants that tend to be released into the atmosphere. In addition to factory emissions, auto emission pollutants have also been reduced by the SE of a tool that has been around for quite some time, the catalytic converter. Catalytic converters have been proven to be very beneficial in reducing the amount of harmful gases released into the atmosphere. In addition to the recycling of various wastes into new products, another topic that is of great interest to environmentalists is alternative or renewable power sources. Some of Natures cleanest power sources are solar energy, wind energy, hydrophone, and geothermal energy. Solar devices now exist that are capable of supplying all the energy needs of a residence, including electricity, water and space heating, and space cooling. It was not until the sass and 1 9505 that governments began to form policies designed to maintain air quality. Large scale air pollution disasters in Europe and the U. S. Convinced officials that air pollution was potentially fatal to humans and perhaps even the planet itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Reduce Pollution Would Be More Moral specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reduce Pollution Would Be More Moral specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reduce Pollution Would Be More Moral specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of these disasters was known as the  ¶killer fog ¶ in Denote, Pennsylvania, that killed 50, and a much more virulent  ¶fog ¶ in London in 1952 that resulted in the deaths of 4,000 people (Rising, 1998-99, 1). Since that time attempts at combating air pollution have been Halloween by increasing industrialism the world over. Many government efforts have been made to reduce other forms of air pollution like photochemical smog. Many of these efforts have fallen far short of targets. For example, in some of Chinese cities, particulate levels are more than six times higher than World Health Organization Guidelines (Rising, 1998-99, 1). Reducing pollution produces measurable health gains, according to a new study that found cleaner air had lengthened life expectancy by five months in 51 U. S. Cities. Researchers at Brigham Young University and Harvard School of Public Health found that average life expectancy increased by three years between 1980 and 2000 in those cities, and that approximately five months of that gain owed to cleaner air. Such a significant increase in life expectancy attributable to reducing air pollution is remarkable, said C. Arden Pope Ill, a BUY epidemiologist and lead author on the study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine. Countries in poorer parts of the world like China and India are demanding that wealthier regions like the European Union and North America finance their efforts at developing clean energy technologies ND hel p them adapt to the effects of climate change caused largely by accumulated emissions from the industrialized West. Money to finance these efforts is seen as a precondition for reaching an agreement at United Nations climate talks in Copenhagen in December, when nations gather to hammer out a successor treaty to the Kyoto Protocol. European finance ministers meeting over lunch in Luxembourg on Tuesday are expected to discuss the thorny question of what would represent a fair amount, according to diplomats. Indeed, some of the numbers on the table are substantial. In one Of the possibilities that is expected to be discussed by European ministers on Tuesday, more affluent countries would pay developing countries more than $140 billion each year. Nations all over the world should work together to fight pollution. Whatever the costs are at the end everyone will profit the clean air and enjoy the good healthy. Unlike our ancestors who left the planet full of wars and nuclear arms we should give our descendents a better planet because they also have the right to enjoy their life like everyone else did. So lets give them that opportunity..